Free Abdomen Practice Test

10 Free Abdomen Practice Questions

1. Low level, non-shadowing, gravity-dependent echoes within the gallbladder would be:

   1. Sludge
   2. Cholesterolosis
   3. Adenoma
   4. Cholelithiasis
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Sludge

   Gallbladder sludge appears as low-level debris within the gallbladder. It is mobile, gravity-dependent, and does not shadow.

2. ________ artifact is a result of the sound beam bouncing between two reflectors. Sonographically, it appears as multiple equally spaced echoes.

   1. Reverberation
   2. Edge artifact
   3. Ring Down
   4. Comet Tail
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Reverberation

   Reverberation artifact results from the sound beam bouncing between two strong reflectors.

3. What is located posterior to the prostate gland?

   1. Rectum
   2. Bladder
   3. Urethra
   4. Gallbladder
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Rectum

   When imaging the prostate, the rectum can be seen posterior to this structure.

4. What is the name of the sphincter muscle surrounding the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

   1. Ileocecal sphincter
   2. Sphincter of Oddi
   3. Lower esophageal sphincter
   4. Pyloric sphincter
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Sphincter of Oddi

   The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve which controls the flow of digestive contents through the ampulla of Vater and into the second part of the duodenum.

5. What anatomical structures does the structure labeled B separate?

   1. The left lobe and caudate lobes of the liver
   2. The right lobe and caudate lobes of the liver
   3. The left lobe and right lobe of the liver
   4. The quadrate lobe and caudate lobe of the liver
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: The left lobe and caudate lobes of the liver

   The structure labeled B separates the left lobe and caudate lobes of the liver, distinguishing different regions of the liver.

6. Glisson’s capsule covers what organ?

   1. Spleen
   2. Liver
   3. Kidneys
   4. Pancreas
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Liver

   Glisson’s capsule is a layer of connective tissue that covers the liver.

7. Neck muscles are ________ to the thyroid.

   1. Hypoechoic
   2. Hyperechoic
   3. Echogenic
   4. Isoechoic
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Hypoechoic

   Sonographically, muscles are hypoechoic.

8. Which of the following is true?

   1. The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right hepatic vein
   2. The left lobe of the liver is divided into medial and lateral segments by the falciform ligament
   3. The caudate lobe is separated from the left lobe by the ligamentum teres
   4. The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by the portal vein superiorly and the main lobar fissure inferiorly
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right hepatic vein

   The left lobe of the liver is divided into medial and lateral segments by the ligamentum teres and the left hepatic vein. The caudate lobe is separated from the left lobe by the ligamentum venosum. The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by the middle hepatic vein superiorly and main lobar fissure inferiorly. The right hepatic vein divides the right lobe of the liver into anterior and posterior.

9. Which of the following is not a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma?

   1. Cholelithiasis
   2. Female
   3. 50-60 years of age
   4. Cholecystitis
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: 50-60 years of age

   Gallbladder cancer is most commonly in females > 65 years old.

10. All of the following are sonographic features of breast malignancy EXCEPT:

    1. Enhancement
    2. Angular margins
    3. Spiculation
    4. Taller than wide
    Show Answer & Explanation

    Correct answer: Enhancement

    The Sonographic features of a breast mass that are indicative of malignancy are: spiculations, taller than wide, angular margins, hypoechoic, microcalcifications, shadowing, duct extensions, branching, and disruption of tissue planes.