Free Vascular Technology Practice Test

10 Free Vascular Technology Practice Questions

1. In the illustration, which of the following corresponds to ‘A’?

   1. Posterior Cerebral Artery
   2. Subclavian Artery
   3. Common Carotid Artery
   4. Internal Carotid Artery
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Internal Carotid Artery

   The letter corresponded with Internal Carotid Artery.

2. In which of the following internal carotid arteries segments would laminar flow be observed?

   1. Mid ICA
   2. ICA Kink
   3. ICA Coiling
   4. ICA bulb
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Mid ICA

   Laminar flow occurs when concentric layers of blood move in parallel down the length of a blood vessel. Blood flow is laminar in CCAs that are relatively straight. Tortuous segments, kinks, or areas of branching disrupt the normal laminar flow pattern. A notable flow disturbance occurs at the bifurcation of the CCA as the bulb expands, even in normal arteries.

3. Which of the following represents a positive frequency shift?

   1. Flow towards transducers
   2. Flow away from transducers
   3. Nyquist frequency (Nyquist limit)
   4. Range ambiguity
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Flow towards transducers

   A positive frequency shift occurs when blood flows towards the transducer, and conversely, a negative frequency shift is demonstrated when blood flows away from the transducer.

4. Which of the following is the most appropriate transducer for a renal artery duplex examination?

   1. 2.0-6.0 MHz - Curvilinear transducer
   2. 4-10MHz (CW) Doppler
   3. 5-7 MHz - Linear transducer
   4. 1.5-2.5MHz - Pulsed Doppler probe
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: 2.0-6.0 MHz - Curvilinear transducer

   The appropriate transducer for a renal artery duplex examination is a 2.0-6.0 MHz - Curvilinear transducer.

5. Which of the following is the most appropriate transducer for a lower extremity vein mapping examination?

   1. 5-7 MHz - Linear transducer
   2. 4-10MHz (CW) Doppler
   3. 1.5-2.5MHz - Pulsed Doppler probe
   4. 2.0-6.0 MHz - Curvilinear transducer
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: 5-7 MHz - Linear transducer

   The appropriate transducer for a lower extremity vein mapping examination is a 5-7 MHz - Linear transducer.

6. In letter B, what type of flow is shown?

   1. Steady Flow
   2. Laminar flow
   3. Stokes Flow
   4. Turbulent flow
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: Turbulent flow

   Turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity, and can be seen in the post-stenotic zone.

7. The internal carotid artery exhibits plaque, a systolic velocity of <125 cm/s, a diastolic velocity of <40 cm/s, and an ICA and CCA ratio of <2.0 . Based on this information what is the percentage of diameter reduction?

   1. 70-99%
   2. 0.1
   3. 50-69%
   4. <50%
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: <50%

   Results of Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ICA/CCA****** ICA PSV**Diameter***** PSV Ratio*****ICA EDV Normal******** <125****** None****** <2.0********** <40 <50% ********* <125****** <50%***** <2.0********** <40 50%-69%***** 125-230*** ≥50%***** 2.0-4.0******* 40-100 ≥70%-99%*** >230******* ≥50%***** >4.0********** >100 Near occlusion*** High, low, or undetectable*** Visible *** Variable Total occlusion*** Undetectable*** Visible, no detectable lumen*** N/A*** N/A Key Points • Many patients are asymptomatic. • Carotid bruit (caused by turbulent blood flow) • Amaurosis fugax caused by Hollenhorst plaque • Transient ischemic attack • Ischemic stroke • Carotid artery stenosis normally does not cause vertigo, lightheadedness, or syncope Risk factors: • Advanced age • Tobacco use • Arterial hypertension • Diabetes mellitus

8. The proximal superficial femoral artery has a high-grade stenosis with a peak systolic velocity of 500 cm/s. At what point does the flow become laminar distal to the stenosis, assuming there are no distal stenoses?

   1. 0.5cm
   2. 0.2cm
   3. 5cm
   4. 1cm
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: 5cm

   You can expect to find post stenotic turbulence or flow disturbance within the first centimeter of flow beyond a stenosis.

9. A patient comes to the vascular lab for a carotid duplex, and in the notes, it states that they have a 50% diameter reduction. By how much would the area decrease?

   1. 44
   2. 50
   3. 75
   4. 99
   Show Answer & Explanation

   Correct answer: 75

   • An area reduction of 44 percent is equal to a diameter reduction of 25 percent. • An area reduction of 75 percent is equal to a diameter reduction of 50 percent. • An area reduction of 94 percent is equal to a diameter reduction of 75 percent. • An area reduction of 99 percent is equal to a diameter reduction of 90 percent. • A diameter reduction of 25 percent is equal to an area reduction of 44 percent. • A diameter reduction of 50 percent is equal to an area reduction of 75 percent. • A diameter reduction of 75 percent is equal to an area reduction of 94 percent. • A diameter reduction of 90 percent is equal to an area reduction of 99 percent.

10. The following are major cerebral collateral pathways in the event of an internal carotid artery occlusion, EXCEPT?

    1. Carotid rete mirabile (CRM)
    2. Vertebral to Vertebral
    3. Circle of Willis
    4. ICA–ECA anastomoses
    Show Answer & Explanation

    Correct answer: Vertebral to Vertebral

    It is generally recognized that there are three main types of collateral circulation: The Circle of Willis, the ICA–ECA anastomoses, and Carotid rete mirabile (CRM). Rete mirabile (“wonderful net” in Latin)